Approximately 10% of couples will have some difficulty conceiving. ‘Fertility assessment’ looks at the common causes of such difficulties i.e. blocked fallopian tubes, presence of endometriosis, non-ovulation or semen abnormalities. Initial investigations include blood tests to check ovulation, semen analysis, a check for previous pelvic infection and a laparoscopy and ‘dye hydrotubation’ (passing dye through the fallopian tubes to check their patency). A hysteroscopy may also be required (looking inside the uterus with a fine telescope) to exclude the presence of fibroids or polyps.